ABSTRACT
Parkinson's disease is the most common movement disorder in elderly with clinical manifestations characterized by motor symptoms , such as static tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural disturbance, and non-motor symptoms, including hyposmia, constipation, sleep disorder, and depression. Recently, progress has been achieved in the research of Parkinson's disease, especially the hypothesis of Braak stage about the associations between clinical manifestations and disease pathology .It has been admitted that non-motor symptoms, including rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder , hyposmia, constipation, and depression could occur decades preceding the appearance of clinical symptoms . Simultaneously, some scholars proposed "Parkinson's disease at risk syndrome" pyramidal model to describe the period before the diagnosis , which was considered to reflect the objective evolution of the disease.In this commentary, we discussed the stages of "Parkinson's disease at risk syndrome " model and their value for early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the material basis and mechanism of action of Kai-Xin-San (KXS) in regulating antidepression of neurotrophic factors. Methods: KXS eluted by ethanol on macroporous resin was prepared. The antidepressive effect of different components was compared by tailing suspension test and forced swimming test of mice. The levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampus were determined by ELISA. The rat astrocyte glioma C6 cell line and the rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line were used to evaluate the effects of different ethanol elution sites on the expression of NGF and BDNF and the differentiation of PC12 cells.Results: All of the ethanol elution components from KXS exerted anti-depressive effects by shorting the immobile time of tailing suspension and forced swimming of mice and 70％ ethanol elution components exerted best efficacy. This site also could increase expressions of NGF and BDNF on C6 glioma cell line. The 10％ ethanol elution site had the strongest ability to promote PC12 cell differentiation. Ginsenosides were the main effectuve ingredients for promoting the expression of neurotrophic factors. Conclusion: Regulation of neurotrophic factors might be the prominent action mechanism of KXS exerting anti-depressive effects.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the major effective Chinese materia medica inQuban Prescription for intervention in melanin synthesis.Methods 3×2 factorial design was used. The factors of investigation were Crataegi Fructus, Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Corni Fructus. Tyrosinase activity, melanin generation and auto-oxidation of dopa were determinated respectively; and the major effective Chinese materia medica ofQuban Prescription for intervention in melanin synthesis was analyzed by SPSS16.0 software.Results Tyrosinase activity was remarkably inhibited by Corni Fructus (P<0.05). Melanin generation was remarkably inhibited by Corni Fructus and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (P<0.01). Auto-oxidation of dopa was remarkably inhibited by Corni Fructus and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (P<0.05). Corni Fructus was in an absolute leading position.ConclusionCorni Fructus is the major effective Chinese materia medica in inhibiting tyrosinase activity, melanin generation and auto-oxidation of dopa in the prescription.
ABSTRACT
Results of experiments such as ammonia steaming test in mice and citr ic acid test in guinea pigs, phenol red secretion test in mice and capillary exp ectorant test in rats, in-vivo and in-vitro antiasthmatic tests in guinea pigs p roved that Tankeqing capsule had good antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic effects and a significant time-effect relationship was showed. The antitussive effect and expectorant effect arrived to the peak in 1-6h after oral administrat ion, and the antiashmatic effect in about 1h.
ABSTRACT
Results of experiments such as ammonia steaming test in mice and citric acid test in guinea pigs, phenol red secretion test in mice and capillary expectorant test in rats, in-vivo and in-vitro antiasthmatic tests in guinea pigs proved that Tankeqing capsule had good antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic effects and a significant time-effect relationship was showed. The antitussive effect and expectorant effect arrived to the peak in 1-6h after oral administration, and the antiashmatic effect in about 1h.